{"id":1514,"date":"2005-12-14T05:32:34","date_gmt":"2005-12-14T13:32:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mautam.vchoir.org\/weeklysongs\/?p=1514"},"modified":"2011-12-14T05:35:30","modified_gmt":"2011-12-14T13:35:30","slug":"thanh-nh%e1%ba%a1c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/archives\/1514","title":{"rendered":"Thanh Nh\u1ea1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thanh Nh\u1ea1c
\nHo\u00e0ng Vi\u1ebft H\u00f9ng
\n\u02baPractice make perfect, so practice right\u02ba
\nCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (gi\u00e1o \u00e1n):
\n1. Session 1: L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ca h\u00e1t (ph\u1ea7n I).
\n2. Session 2: L\u1eddi ca: nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (ph\u1ea7n II).
\n3. Session 3: L\u1eddi ca: nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i (ph\u1ea7n III – IV).
\n4. Session 4: Kh\u00e9p \u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee3p ca (ph\u1ea7n V – VI).<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u
\nThanh nh\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ca h\u00e1t, nh\u1eb1m th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef cho r\u00f5, cho \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1eebng mi\u1ec1n).
\nTrong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng, thanh nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u, g\u1ecdn, vang, r\u00f5 v\u00e0 hay.
\nNh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o:
\n\u2022 Thanh nh\u1ea1c (nh\u00f3m Qu\u00ea H\u01b0\u01a1ng)
\n\u2022 Voice lession by Dave and Shalee (CD)
\n\u2022 Moriarty Diction, E .C .Schimer Music Company
\nI. L\u1ea5y H\u01a1i v\u00e0 Ca H\u00e1t
\nAi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t em nh\u1ecf cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 c\u1ea3. Khi h\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u00e1t. Nghe th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m cho \u0111\u00fang.
\nHi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c ca h\u00e1t. Trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.
\n1. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (respiratory system) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ph\u1ed5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ef1c, x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn v\u00e0 ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 (diaphragm, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n chia gi\u1eefa b\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5i).
\n2. L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang: L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang trong ca h\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00edt h\u01a1i v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i, m\u00e0 khi ch\u00fang ta h\u1ea1 Ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 (diaphragm) xu\u1ed1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00ecnh b\u1ee5ng ra, th\u00ec h\u01a1i (kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed) t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o trong ph\u1ed5i. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh h\u00edt h\u01a1i v\u00e0o (qua m\u0169i h\u1eb7c mi\u1ec7ng), ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t, ch\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u02bax\u00ec\u02ba\u2026
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 1: d\u00f9ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi khi l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i. \u00d0\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng, ng\u1ef1c (chest) h\u01a1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean, mi\u1ec7ng h\u01a1i h\u00e9 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i c\u1ea3 m\u0169i l\u1eabn mi\u1ec7ng. L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nhanh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec khi h\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng, b\u1ee5ng s\u1ebd ph\u00ecnh ra, s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ebd n\u1edf ra, v\u00e0 vai kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\n3. N\u00e9n h\u01a1i: Nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec n\u1eb7ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9n h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. Trong ca h\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00e9n h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ecdng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. N\u00e9n h\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1ee9 hai sau khi l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00e9n h\u01a1i, th\u00ec b\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1i c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i.
\n4. \u00d0\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra: T\u00f9y theo c\u00e2u h\u00e1t cao hay th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eb9 hay m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta n\u00e9n h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra. Khi h\u00e1t cao v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh, ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1i \u00e9p b\u1ee5ng s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 2: sau khi l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i, n\u00e9n h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ra (nghe ti\u1ebfng x\u00ec nho nh\u1ecf), \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1eeb 1 t\u1edbi 4, v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ebfm\u2026khi th\u1edf ra c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef s\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn m\u1edf (expanded) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1edf b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (tr\u00e1nh di \u0111\u1ed9ng vai v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c).
\n\u2022 M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1eadp n\u00e9n h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra (\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf l\u00e0n h\u01a1i) .
\n\u2022 H\u00e1t nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u01b0a \u00e2m thanh l\u00ean m\u1eb7t.
\n\u2022 \u00d0\u1ec3 cho vui, chia l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh 3 b\u00e8, r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau (\u0111u\u1ed5i nhau)\u2026
\n5. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t thanh: \u00c2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra do l\u00e0n h\u01a1i \u0111i qua Thanh \u0111\u1edbi (vocal cords), thanh \u0111\u1edbi n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong thanh qu\u1ea3n (larynx) . Khi d\u00e2y Thanh \u0111\u1edbi rung (\u0111\u00f3ng, m\u1edf) th\u00ec ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng (c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n) . Khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1edf, d\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i, khi ch\u00fang ta nu\u1ed1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n, thanh \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i. Khi d\u00e2y thanh \u0111\u1edbi c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1edf (rung) nhanh, \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra c\u00e0ng cao.. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang khi ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t cao: \u00e9p h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean cao, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u02bag\u00e0o l\u00ean\u02ba \u1edf c\u1ed5. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n phong c\u1ea7m (harmonium), c\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t cao th\u00ec c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1p h\u01a1i m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n nh\u1eefng key tr\u00ean ph\u00edm \u0111\u00e0n m\u1ea1nh. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00e1t l\u00ean cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u00e9p h\u01a1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y khan ti\u1ebfng, r\u00e1t c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng\u2026
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 3: t\u1eadp h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef cao b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 (b\u1ee5ng) thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng.
\n6. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u0103ng \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u1ed9i \u00e2m. Ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t ra khi gi\u00e2y Thanh \u0111\u1edbi rung th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1edd \u0111i qua c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng xoang (l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng) trong trong \u0111\u1ea7u,
\ntrong m\u0169i v\u00e0 trong mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e2m s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0n, \u00e2m thanh l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 hay l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0n, \u00e2m s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 do th\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0n l\u1edbn hay nh\u1ecf, ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0n. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, qua vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00e2m s\u1eafc trong l\u1eddi ca.
\n– B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra \u1edf m\u1eb7t (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u02bah\u00e1t \u1edf sau con m\u1eaft\u02ba)
\n– \u00c2m thanh tr\u1ea7m: \u0111\u01b0a \u00e2m thanh x\u01b0\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng sau. Tr\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u1ef1c.
\n– \u00c2m thanh s\u00e1ng: \u0111\u01b0a \u00e2m thanh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. S\u00e1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u (ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u02bagi\u1ecdng \u00f3c\u02ba).
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 4: T\u1eadp h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02bam\u00e0ng\u02ba, kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ch\u1eef \u02bang\u02ba v\u00e0 cho h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u02basau m\u1eaft\u02ba (c\u00e1c th\u1edb th\u1ecbt tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t s\u1ebd r\u01a1i rung).<\/p>\n

7. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00e2m thanh \u0111i qua mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng. Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u00f4i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, r\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i. Thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong 4, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ph\u00e1t \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 m\u0169i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t.
\nK\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:
\n– Khi h\u00e1t lu\u00f4n th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ef1 tin.
\n– L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u1edf b\u1ee5ng (ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4)
\n– Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t th\u00ec n\u00e9n h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 khi h\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u02bag\u00e0o l\u00ean\u02ba \u1edf c\u1ed5.
\n– H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng, v\u00e0 thanh \u0111\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh.
\n– Nh\u1eefng xoang, x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed trong m\u0169i, mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m cho \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc (ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng).
\n– Ng\u1ef1c, thanh qu\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t th\u00eam \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ta, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai gi\u1ed1ng ai\u2026
\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:
\n1) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t ?
\n– N\u00ean u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap d\u00e2y thanh \u0111\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb kh\u00f4.
\n– Khi h\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u02babreak\u02ba.
\n– N\u00ean h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00e2m v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u1ecdng m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i q\u00faa tr\u1ea7m hay q\u00faa cao d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m cho b\u1ecb ho v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng.
\n– N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u01a1i, ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u.
\n– C\u1ea5t caffein v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u1ed5, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.
\n– N\u00ean \u02bawarm up\u02ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t
\n2) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n ?
\nL\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 nh\u1ecbp kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, h\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t.
\nVi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i 90%, \u1edf tay nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t Ca \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c\u2026
\n– Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung khi l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i:
\no L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i qua m\u0169i l\u1eabn mi\u1ec7ng.
\no L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nhanh hay ch\u1eadm t\u00f9y theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u00e1t.
\no L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u hay \u00edt t\u00f9y theo c\u00e2u h\u00e1t ng\u1eafn hay d\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u00e1t ng\u1eafn th\u00ec n\u00ean l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u00e1t ng\u1eafn s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t. B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i s\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4.
\n– L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nh\u1eefng khi kh\u1edfi t\u1ea5u: kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng l\u1edbn q\u00faa.
\n– L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i tr\u1ed9m: l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i qua mi\u1ec7ng, nhanh.
\n– C\u01b0\u1edbp h\u01a1i: l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i qua mi\u1ec7ng, th\u1eadt nhanh. (Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i T\u00e1n T\u1ee5ng H\u1ed3ng \u00c2n, ch\u1ed7 \u02bacon s\u1ebd ca ng\u1ee3i\u02ba..)
\n3) L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao?
\nGi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 do h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a thanh qu\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Thanh qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 20%, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u02batr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m (Adam\u02b9s apple – thyroid cartilage) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0. Khi thanh \u0111\u1edbi m\u1edf l\u1edbn, rung ch\u1eadm, ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t
\nra tr\u1ea7m; khi thanh \u0111\u1edbi h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 c\u0103ng, rung nhanh, ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1t ra cao.
\n\u00d0\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:
\n\u2022 Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i \u02bawarm up\u02ba, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng) .
\n\u2022 Khi h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01a1i c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng (c\u0103ng d\u00e2y thanh \u0111\u1edbi), c\u00e1nh m\u0169i m\u1edf ra.
\n\u2022 Khi h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t cao, th\u00ec h\u00e1t nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb9 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u02barelax\u02ba.
\n\u2022 C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed1t, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ec7t v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00ean cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
\n4) L\u00e0m sao h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang \u00e2m s\u1eafc ?
\n\u00c2m s\u1eafc l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh: t\u1ed1i, s\u00e1ng, trong, \u0111\u1ee5c, thanh, tr\u1ea7m, vv\u2026 M\u1ed7i b\u00e0i h\u00e1t hay m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u h\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00c2m s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 do v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra khi h\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, kh\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng
\nkho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong mi\u1ec7ng, trong m\u0169i, ho\u1eb7c x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u hay ng\u1ef1c\u2026Ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdn, n\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea9y \u00e2m thanh ra t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng. \u00c2m thanh n\u00ean ph\u00e1t ra \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1eaft.
\n\u2022 C\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p \u00e2m thanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1i (th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t \u1edf l\u00e0 ng\u1ef1c – chest) .
\n\u2022 C\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean cao \u00e2m thanh c\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng (cao nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u)
\n5) L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 \u02bawarm up\u02ba ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t?
\n– Khi h\u00e1t v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm:
\no U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng hay \u1ea5m (n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e0) \u0111\u1ec3 \u02bawarm up\u02ba gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3.
\no \u02bawram up\u02ba gi\u1ecdng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u02bahum\u02ba nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, ho\u1eb7c h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 h\u00e1t.
\n– Khi h\u00e1t \u0111i h\u00e1t l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u00e1t:
\no \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd ( ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 15 ph\u00fat tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd)
\no Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n q\u00faa nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t.
\n– Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, exercise\u2026!
\no T\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho thanh \u0111\u1edbi.
\no Warm up m\u1eb7t (face), c\u1ed5 (neck) – xoa nh\u1eb9 2 th\u1edb th\u1ecbt 2 b\u00ean c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0ng sau c\u1ed5;
\no Di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi (lower jaw) – l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, ra – v\u00e0o.
\n\"\"\"\"\"\"
\n6) T\u1ea1i sao khi h\u00e1t b\u1ecb r\u00e1t c\u1ed5?
\nKhi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, ho\u1eb7c khi q\u00faa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khi ch\u01b0a \u02bawarm up\u02ba \u0111\u1ee7, ho\u1eb7c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ecfe, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, l\u00e0m cho thanh \u0111\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111au v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta r\u00e1t c\u1ed5.
\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, hay khi kh\u00f3c, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u00e1t c\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng, v\u00ec khi la h\u00e9t, ch\u00fang ta g\u00e0o l\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ed5, thay v\u00ec \u00e9p h\u01a1i \u1edf ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb r\u00e1t c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean:
\n\u2022 Trong khi h\u00e1t, l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i cho \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.
\n\u2022 U\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc.
\n\u2022 Ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i (break) khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean q\u00faa c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng khi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ec7t.
\n\u2022 H\u00e1t nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i trong \u00e2m v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i cao ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7m q\u00faa \u00e2m v\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i. Khi ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean cao, h\u00e1t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u02barelax\u02ba.
\n\u2022 Tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i q\u00faa nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 trong khi t\u1eadp h\u00e1t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn(excited).
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 5:
\nT\u1eadp h\u00e1t d\u00e0i h\u01a1i:M\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u00e1t l\u00e0m 2 h\u01a1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e1t 1 h\u01a1i v\u1edbi tempo nhanh, r\u1ed3i ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n. \u00d0\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i, \u00e9p h\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i (ch\u01b0a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh)
\nN\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2m v\u1ef1c:
\n\u2022 T\u1eadp h\u00e1t l\u00ean cao (soprano v\u00e0 tenore): b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb F, l\u00ean F#, G, G#, A, Bb v\u00e0 C.
\n\u2022 T\u1eadp h\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p (alto v\u00e0 base): b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb F, xu\u1ed1ng E, Eb, D,Db v\u00e0 C ho\u1eb7c (Bb).
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 6:
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5n (Marcato) v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m (dot) . S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean di \u0111\u1ed9ng.
\nII. L\u1eddi Ca: Nh\u1eefng Nguy\u00ean \u00c2m Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t
\nCh\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, m\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfng (ch\u1eef) ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc hay h\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (vowels) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m (consonances), hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef A, ngay c\u1ea3 l\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft \u02bahm\u02ba, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t \u02bahum\u02ba.
\nH\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t r\u00f5 v\u00e0 hay.
\n1. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef: kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng trong \u00e2m ti\u1ebft, theo b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t, c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea7n:
\na) \u00c2m \u0111\u1ea7u
\nb) Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n)
\nc) \u00c2m cu\u1ed1i
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\n\u00c2m \u0111\u1ea7u Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u00c2m cu\u1ed1i Ghi ch\u00fa \u00e1! \u00e1 !
\nB \u00e0 B\u00e0 (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i)
\nV \u1ea1 n V\u1ea1n
\nNh \u01b0 ng Nh\u01b0ng
\n\u00f3 c \u00f3c (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u)
\nNg \u01b0\u1edd i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\nNgh i\u00e3 Ngh\u0129a
\nNg uy\u00ea n Nguy\u00ean
\n2. \u00c2m m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng
\na) \u00c2m m\u1edf: Khi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02baB\u00e0\u02ba, ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e2n \u1edf ch\u1eef \u02ba\u00e0\u02ba cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft,mi\u1ec7ng ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, n\u00ean ch\u1eef \u02baB\u00e0\u02ba c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u1edf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefngch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 \u00e2m m\u1edf, hay v\u1ea7n m\u1edf.
\nb) \u00c2m \u0111\u00f3ng: Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eaft \u00e2m, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3cg\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng hay v\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng.
\nc) Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e9p \u00e2m hay \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i thay\u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eaft \u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ec1u. (Ch\u00fang ta s\u00e8 b\u00e0n s\u00e2u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u02bakh\u00e9p \u00e2m\u02ba, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 4, ch\u1eef \u02bam\u00e0ng\u02ba l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh)
\nA. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n
\nKhi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng) nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m cho \u0111\u00fang, s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta:
\n– H\u00e1t r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 vang h\u01a1n, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1eef CA kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef CO.
\n– Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i ng\u00e2n ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: ch\u1eef \u02bato\u00e0n\u02ba ng\u00e2n \u1edf v\u1ea7n \u02ba\u00e0\u02ba ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2n \u1edf v\u1ea7n \u02bao\u02ba.
\nNh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1edf
\nc\u1ee7a mi\u1ec7ng nh\u01b0 sau:
\nTrong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 5 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn:
\nI, \u00ca, A, \u00d4, U
\n1. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02bai\u02ba :
\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02b9i\u02ba c\u00f3 \u00e2m s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m. Khi h\u00e1t, \u00e2m thanh \u02bai\u02ba ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta. Khi h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thanh nh\u1ea1c (voice), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02bai\u02ba r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m kh\u00e1c.
\n\u00c2m thanh \u02bai\u02ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i ch\u1ea1m sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i cong, v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng h\u01a1i c\u0103ng ra. M\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1eb9t ra v\u00e0 c\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00ean t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean
\n(relax) .
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 7:
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02baMI\u02ba: m\u00ed – mi – mi – mi – m\u00ec (sol fa mi re do) .
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 8: T\u1eadp h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02baT\u00ecnh\u02ba cho \u0111\u00fang (nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u1ecdn); c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u01a1i sau ch\u01b0 \u02bav\u1eddi\u02ba v\u00e0 h\u00e1t ch\u1eef\u02bav\u00ed\u02ba cho ra ch\u1eef \u02bai\u02ba.<\/p>\n

2. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02ba\u00ea\u02ba
\nGi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u02bai\u02ba, nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02ba \u00ea\u02ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i ch\u1ea1m sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i b\u1eb9t h\u01a1n nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02bai\u02ba, c\u1eb1m relax.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 9:
\nT\u1eadp h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02baMI\u02ba, r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u02bai\u02ba sang \u02ba\u00ea\u02ba t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. T\u1eadp 2 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau: l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u1eb1m; sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eb1m v\u00e0 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1i.
\nH\u00e1t \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\n3. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02baa\u02ba
\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02baa\u02ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i ch\u1ea1m sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i b\u1eb9t h\u01a1n nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02bai\u02ba, c\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u00e0 relax.
\nSoi g\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ea5y v\u00f2m m\u1ec1m (soft plate) co l\u00ean. T\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp s\u1eeda ng\u00e1p (jawn). C\u1eb1m h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tr\u00e1nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.
\nKhi h\u00e1t \u02baa\u02ba, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 h\u00e0m r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ra q\u00faa, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng q\u00faa. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng to s\u1ebd h\u00e1t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, khi ch\u00fang ta m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng to qu\u00e1 th\u00ec \u00e2m thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vang, gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng (overtones) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
\nKhi l\u00ean cao, tr\u00e1nh th\u1ee5t l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0o, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u1eb1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3 n t\u1eeb \u02bai\u02ba t\u1edbi \u02baa\u02ba.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 10: t\u1eadp \u00e2m \u02baa\u02ba, l\u00ean d\u1ea7n hay xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ea7n\u2026
\n4. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02ba\u00f4\u02ba
\nNguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02ba\u00f4\u02ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, mi\u1ec7ng \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i xoan (qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng) v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp: H\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02ba\u0110\u00f4\u02ba, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u02bam\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi trong mi\u1ec7ng, ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ng\u1eadm m\u1ed9t q\u1ee7a tr\u1ee9ng. Khi h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02ba\u00f4\u02ba kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u1edf trong mi\u1ec7ng (v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh m\u0169i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng), \u1edf c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 thanh qu\u1ea3n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n m\u1edf.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 11:
\nT\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u02bai\u02ba sang \u02ba\u00f4\u02ba t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, ch\u1ec9 di chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u1eb1m. \u0110\u1ec3 \u00fd \u00e2m s\u1eafc thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ch\u00fang ta di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e0ng xu\u1ed5ng quai h\u00e0m xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e2u, \u00e2m thanh c\u00e0ng \u02bat\u1ed1i\u02ba.
\n5. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02bau\u02ba
\nKhi h\u00e1t \u02bau\u02ba th\u00ec cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f4i ch\u00fam l\u1ea1i, c\u1eb1m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i u\u1ed1n m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cong.
\n\u00c2m thanh \u02bau\u02ba c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u s\u1eafc \u02bat\u1ed1i\u02ba v\u00e0 \u02bas\u00e2u\u02ba. Khi h\u00e1t n\u00e2ng v\u00f2m m\u1ec1m l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng.
\nT\u1eadp h\u00e1t \u02bai\u02ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb t\u1eeb sang \u02bau\u02ba, ch\u1ec9 di \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00f4i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i (\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e2m h\u1eb9p).
\nKhi ch\u00fang ta di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng q\u00faa, \u00e2m thanh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u02bat\u1ed1i\u02ba.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 12:
\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m :
\n1. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ng\u1eafn \u02ba\u00e2\u02ba ho\u1eb7c \u02ba\u0103\u02ba, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef k\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u02baay\u02ba c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u02ba\u0103y\u02ba \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm: thay = th\u0103y; may = m\u0103y, h\u00e3y = h\u1eb5y,l\u1ea1y = l\u1eady, vv\u2026
\n(Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa t\u1eeb nh\u00e2n, xin cho con\u2026)
\n2. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf h\u00e0ng \u02bah\u1eb9p\u02ba (I, Y, \u01af, U) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm.
\n(Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Xin v\u00e2ng, M\u1eb9 d\u1ea1y con hai ti\u1ebfng xin v\u00e2ng\u2026)
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 13: T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 14: T\u1eadp h\u00e1t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m; \u00e9p b\u1ee5ng khi nh\u1ea5n; h\u00e1t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u02baNG\u02ba kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n d\u00e0i n\u1ed1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, l\u1eafng nghe \u2026, t\u1eadp rung.
\nB. Nguy\u00ean \u00c2m Ph\u1ee9c
\nM\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, 2 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau, khi h\u00e1t kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3nl\u00e0m 2 l\u1ea7n: t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean \u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00e2m \u02ba\u01a0\u02ba. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ph\u1ee9c.
\nC\u00f3 2 d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ph\u1ee9c hay g\u1eb7p:
\n1. Khi nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng \u02bah\u1eb9p\u02ba (I\/Y, \u01af, U) v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u02baA\u02ba.
\n2. Khi nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng \u02bah\u1eb9p\u02ba, v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf sau l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng \u02bav\u1eeba\u02ba.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\n– chia (h\u00e1t l\u00e0: ch-iii-\u01a1)
\n– khuya (h\u00e1t l\u00e0: khuyy-\u01a1)
\n– ch\u01b0a (h\u00e1t l\u00e0: ch\u01b0\u01b0-\u01a1)
\n– ch\u00faa (h\u00e1t l\u00e0: ch\u00fa\u00fa-\u1edb)
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\n– thuy\u1ebft (h\u00e1t l\u00e0: thuy-\u1edb—t)
\n– th\u01b0\u01a1ng (th\u01b0-\u01a1—-ng)
\n– thu\u1ed1c (thu-\u1edb—-c)
\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m: C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ph\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u1eeb.
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng 13
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 15:
\nH\u00e1t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ch\u1eef \u02baChi\u00ean\u02ba s\u1edbm. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p n\u00e9t nh\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p \u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

C. Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7m
\nC\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, 2 hay nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111i v\u1edbi nhau, nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7m, nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf sau m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh. Khi h\u00e1t th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e2n \u1edf nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh.
\nNh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ph\u1ee5 hay g\u1eb7p: i\/y, o v\u00e0 u.
\nTh\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\nGiam ng\u00e2n \u1edf \u00e2m \u02baa\u02ba l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh. \u00c2m \u02bai\u02ba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf kh\u1ea9u
\nh\u00ecnh. Kho\u1ebb ng\u00e2n \u1edf \u00e2m \u02ba\u1ebb\u02ba. \u00c2m \u02bao\u02ba \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i.
\nKhuy\u00ean ng\u00e2n \u1edf \u00e2m ph\u1ee9c \u02bay\u00ea\u02ba. \u00c2m \u02bau\u02ba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fam m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e1t
\n\u02bay\u00ea\u02ba Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u00e0i \u02baCon s\u1ebd h\u00e2n hoan ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o cung th\u00e1nh..\u02ba
\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m trong \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u00e0i h\u00e1t n\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y:
\n\u2022 Con : \u02bao\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i.
\n\u2022 S\u1ebd : \u02ba\u1ebd\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb9t mi\u1ec7ng.
\n\u2022 h\u00e2n : \u02ba\u00e2\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, ng\u1eafn, kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ngay.
\n\u2022 hoan : \u02bao\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec7m, tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i; \u02baa\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh.
\n\u2022 ti\u1ebfn : \u02bai\u00ea\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ph\u1ee9c, kh\u00e9p t\u1eeb t\u1eeb
\n\u2022 cung : \u02bau\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, h\u1eb9p, kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ngay.
\n\u2022 th\u00e1nh : \u02ba\u00e1\u02ba l\u00e0 \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ngay (s\u1ebd n\u00f3i sau)
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 16: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m trong ph\u1ea7n \u00d0K c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i \u02ba\u00d4i Th\u1ea7n Linh Ch\u00faa\u02ba (b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 2) v\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00e9p \u00e2m cho \u0111\u00fang.
\nL\u1eddi Ca: Nh\u1eefng Ph\u1ee5 \u00c2m \u0110\u1ea7u
\n\u00c2m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh:
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02batr\u00e2u\u02ba th\u00e0nh \u02bach\u00e2u\u02ba hay \u02bat\u00e2u\u02ba.
\n– C\u00e1c em nh\u1ecf Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02bath\u01b0\u01a1ng\u02ba nghe nh\u01b0 \u02bas\u01b0\u01a1ng\u02ba.
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02baN\u02ba th\u00e0nh \u02baL\u02ba, ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02baqu\u00ea\u02ba nghe nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef \u02bawu\u00ea\u02ba
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02baV\u1ec1\u02ba th\u00e0nh \u02bad\u1ec1\u02ba, vv.
\nSau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta nghe th\u1ea5y sai:
\nPh\u1ee5 \u00c2m C\u00e1ch Ph\u00e1t \u00c2m Th\u00ed d\u1ee5
\nV R\u0103ng tr\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1eafng v\u1ebb
\nTH \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng tr\u00ean, khi ph\u00e1t \u00e2m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 c\u1eb1m x\u1ed1ng th\u00eanh thang X \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 sau hai h\u00e0m r\u0103ng kh\u00e9p, m\u00f4i
\nnh\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3y h\u01a1i ra.
\nxinh x\u1eafn S \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng d\u01b0\u1edbi, m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i
\ncong g\u1ea7n v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng (l\u1ee3i), \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i ra.
\nsung s\u01b0\u1edbng
\nN \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng, g\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng nung n\u00e1u
\nL \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i u\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i \u1edf v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng lung linh
\nTR \u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i, rung \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i khi h\u1ea1 c\u1eb1m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i xu\u1ed1ng trong tr\u1eafng
\nCH M\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i. ch\u00f3i chang
\nQ Cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u1edf v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y h\u01a1i qu\u00ea q\u00faa
\nR – Rung l\u01b0\u1ee1i khi h\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng Latin nh\u01b0
\n\u02baMaria\u02ba.
\n– Rung l\u01b0\u1ee1i nh\u1eb9 khi h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef:
\n\u02barung rinh\u02ba, \u02barun r\u1ea9y\u02ba, \u02bar\u1ed9n r\u00e0ng\u02ba.
\n– B\u1eadt l\u01b0\u1ee1i nh\u1eb9 khi h\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef
\nkh\u00e1c: \u02bar\u1ea5t\u02ba, \u02bar\u00e1o\u02ba, \u02bar\u00e2m\u02ba .
\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:
\n1) H\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 Solo khi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u.
\nKhi solo , ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t theo s\u1edf th\u00edch t\u00f9y \u00fd. Khi h\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i Ca s\u0129 h\u00e1t ch\u1eef \u02bar\u1ed3i\u02ba th\u00e0nh \u02badz\u1ed3i\u02ba, ho\u1eb7c \u02batrong\u02ba th\u00e0nh \u02bachong\u02ba, vv. sau \u0111\u00f3 mang v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong Ca
\nT\u00e0i li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng 15 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eef \u02bar\u02ba trong ch\u1eef \u02bar\u1ed3i\u02ba n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i sau ch\u00e2n r\u0103ng tr\u00ean (cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng rung).
\n2) L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5?
\nH\u00e1t r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7t h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t: kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn (feel) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng:
\n\u2022 N\u00ean t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ca, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n cho \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a.
\n\u2022 T\u1eadp h\u00e1t cho r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt to nh\u1ecf.
\n\u2022 Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u02bam\u00e0, l\u00e0, th\u00ec, \u1edf, vv\u2026\u02ba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng.
\n\u2022 Lu\u00f4n \u02barelax\u02ba h\u00e0m d\u01b0\u1edbi.
\n3) H\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c:
\n\u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t th\u00ec th\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh h\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng Anh ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfng Latin theo ki\u1ec3u Vi\u1ec7t Nam. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, khi h\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng Latin, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh, th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Is-ra-el, ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u02baIs-ra-eo\u02ba l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang; ho\u1eb7c A-men h\u00e1t th\u00e0nh \u02ba\u00ca-men\u02ba c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 17: t\u1eadp h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u.
\nIII. \u00c2m Cu\u1ed1i.
\nNh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m.
\nKhi \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean \u00e2m, th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u02bab\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i\u02ba. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i, n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02bath\u00e1nh\u02ba n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh ch\u1eef \u02bath\u00e1n\u02ba, hay \u02bat\u00ecnh\u02ba n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh \u02bat\u00ecn\u02ba.
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02bau\u1ed1ng\u02ba n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh \u02bau\u1ed1n\u02ba
\n– Ch\u1eef \u02bav\u1ea5n\u02ba n\u00f3i th\u00e0nh \u02bav\u1ea5ng\u02ba, vv..<\/p>\n

A. B\u00e1n \u00c2m Cu\u1ed1i:
\nNh\u1eefng b\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p: I, Y, U, v\u00e0 O
\n– B\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb9t mi\u1ec7ng: \u02bai\u02ba ho\u1eb7c \u02bay\u02ba
\n– B\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i: \u02bao\u02ba ho\u1eb7c \u02bau\u02ba
\nB\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i Khi kh\u00e9p \u00e2m Th\u00ed d\u1ee5
\nI Kh\u00e9p h\u1edd r\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i. M\u00f4i c\u0103ng ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi
\nc\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u01a1i, ai, \u01a1i, ph\u1ea3i
\nY (c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u02baI\u02ba \u1edf tr\u00ean) thay, m\u00e2y, h\u00e3y
\nO Tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cao ng\u1ea1o
\nU Ch\u00fam m\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu, \u0111i\u1ec1u, y\u00eau
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 18: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i trong b\u00e0i Tr\u1eddi Cao v\u00e0 h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang.
\nB. Ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m Cu\u1ed1i.
\nPh\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 4 nh\u00f3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\nPh\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i Khi kh\u00e9p \u00e2m Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 N, T (ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i)
\n\u0110\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng, ng\u00e2n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i. xin, x\u00f3t
\nM, P (ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m m\u00f4i)
\nNg\u1eadm m\u00f4i, ng\u00e2n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i. n\u0103m, kh\u1eafp NH, CH
\n(ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i)
\nN\u1eeda m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i sau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean v\u00f2m c\u1ee9ng, ng\u00e2n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i. ch\u00ednh, kh\u00e1ch
\nC, NG
\n(ph\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i)
\nCu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00e9p v\u1edbi v\u00f2m m\u1ec1m, ng\u00e2n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u0169i. c\u00e1c, Khi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m \u1edf sau (O, \u00d4, U), th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fam mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ea1i. kh\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 19: t\u1eadp h\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u02ba\u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i\u02ba (n, t):
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 20: t\u1eadp h\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i
\n\u2022 \u00d0\u00eam, \u0111em, l\u1ea7m : \u02bam\u02ba l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m m\u00f4i
\n\u2022 Gi\u00e1ng, xu\u1ed1ng, ph\u00fac: \u02bang\u02ba v\u00e0 \u02bac\u02ba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i
\n\u2022 Sinh : \u02banh\u02ba l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i
\n\u2022 Ch\u1ed1n gian, tr\u1ea7n, \u01a1n, mu\u00f4n, d\u00e2n, than : \u02ban\u02ba l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee1i.
\nIV. Kh\u00e9p \u00c2m (hay \u0111\u00f3ng \u00e2m) v\u00e0 D\u1ea5u Gi\u1ecdng Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t
\nA. Kh\u00e9p \u00e2m:
\nKh\u00e9p \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e9p \u00e2m (s\u1edbm hay mu\u1ed9n) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee5 tin h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp h\u00e1t cho Ca \u0111o\u00e0n.
\nSau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc kh\u00e9p \u00e2m t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng:
\nN\u00ean kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00e2y:
\n1. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (\u0111\u1ecdc) ng\u1eafn: \u02ba\u00e2\u02ba, \u02ba\u0103\u02ba.
\n2. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng h\u1eb9p (I\/Y, \u01af, U).
\n3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc (E, \u00ca, I\/Y) \u0111i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m m\u1eb7t l\u01b0\u1ee1i (NH, CH).
\n4. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m h\u00e0ng sau (O, \u00d4, U) \u0111i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i (C, NG).
\nTr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7: Nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 \u02baanh\u02ba c\u0169ng n\u00ean kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm.
\nCh\u1eef \u02baanh\u02ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u02baenh\u02ba.
\nKh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi h\u00e1t v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t ng\u00e2n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00ean cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vang v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u00e1t.
\nNg\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi kh\u00e9p \u00e2m s\u1edbm, kh\u00e9p \u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n \u1edf nguy\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ea9u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e9p \u00e2m.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 21: ph\u1ea7n Phi\u00ean Kh\u00fac c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i Ca Kh\u00fac Tr\u1ea7m H\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Dao-Kim
\nB. D\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t (thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u)
\nCh\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i \u02baTi\u1ebfng vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 5 d\u1ea5u, 6 gi\u1ecdng\u02ba. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ghi ch\u00fa quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 d\u1ea5u, gi\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t:
\nD\u1ea5u Gi\u1ecdng (th\u00ed d\u1ee5) Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u (cao th\u1ea5p)
\n(kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5u) n\u00f4i Trung b\u00ecnh (kh\u00f4ng cao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p)
\ns\u1eafc : \u02b9 n\u1ed1i Cao (khi l\u00ean cao th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng 2 n\u1ed1t.)
\nhuy\u1ec1n: ` n\u1ed3i Th\u1ea5p h\u1ecfi: ? n\u1ed5i Th\u1ea5p (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng 2 n\u1ed1t m\u1edbi r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng: n\u00f4 – \u1ed5i) ng\u00e3: ~ n\u1ed7i Cao (th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng 2 n\u1ed1t m\u1edbi r\u00f5 ti\u1ebfng: n\u00f4 – \u1ed7i)
\nn\u1eb7ng: . n\u1ed9i Th\u1ea5p (\u0111\u00f4i khi d\u00f9ng 2 n\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng cao \u0111\u1ed9: n\u1ed9 – \u1ed9i)
\n\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:
\nL\u00e1y v\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn khi h\u00e1t:
\nL\u00e1y v\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e1y l\u00e0 h\u00e1t th\u1eadt nhanh \u1edf n\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed1t ch\u00ednh. Luy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u00e1t c\u1ea3 hai n\u1ed1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c g\u1ec9a kh\u00f4ng ghi r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed1t l\u00e1y \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u \u02bang\u00e3\u02ba v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u02bah\u1ecfi\u02ba, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi c\u00e2u nh\u1ea1c \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u phi\u00ean kh\u00fac 2, 3, 4… Khi h\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t cho r\u00f5 ch\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c h\u00e1t nh\u1ea1c Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e1y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft
\n(th\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong b\u00e0i \u02baY\u00eau Con \u0110\u1eddi \u0110\u1eddi\u02ba c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Tri\u1ec1u – H\u1ea3i Linh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e1t .. \u02baNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u02ba\u0111\u00e1\u02ba y\u00eau con\u02ba thay v\u00ec \u02baNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau con\u02ba\u2026)
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 22
\nH\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u1ea7n l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u00f5 l\u1eddi ca.
\nTh\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 22
\nH\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef c\u1ea7n l\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 cho r\u00f5 l\u1eddi ca.
\nV. Nh\u1eefng V\u1ea5n \u0110\u1ec1 Li\u00ean Quan \u0110\u1ebfn H\u1ee3p Ca
\nA. T\u01b0 th\u1ebf , y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t khi ca h\u00e1t
\nT\u01b0 th\u1ebf, y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta khi h\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tai ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ca \u0111o\u00e0n (khi \u0103n m\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3 q\u00faa) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.
\n1. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i, ng\u1ef1c (chest), s\u01b0\u01a1n s\u01b0\u1eddn (ribs) , nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 (diphragm), c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 co gi\u00e3n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i nhanh v\u00e0 s\u00e2u.
\n– Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i:
\no \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 th\u1ebf tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eb9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang
\nm\u1ed9t b\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.
\no Khi ng\u1ed3i, l\u01b0ng tr\u00e1nh t\u00ec v\u00e0o gh\u1ebf.
\no Ng\u1ef1c h\u01a1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean.
\no Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 (feet on floor) . Khi ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1eaft ch\u00e2n ch\u1eef
\nng\u0169 (s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch m\u00f4.)
\no Hai c\u00e1nh tay kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e9p s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi (\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01b0\u1eddn)<\/p>\n

– Y ph\u1ee5c:
\no M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o q\u00faa ch\u1eadt (nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecb
\nm\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i b\u00f3 s\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u1edf m\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ch\u1eafc
\nch\u1eafn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ca h\u00e1t)
\no M\u1eb7c k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n.
\n– S\u00e1ch h\u00e1t: c\u1ea7m sao cho \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1eb9p.
\no Tay tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee1 g\u00e1y s\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m \u1edf g\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 gi\u1edf trang.
\no S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch xa ng\u1ef1c, \u00edt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u02bafoot\u02ba, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i.
\no M\u00e9p tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cao q\u00faa c\u1eb1m (jaw) . Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb
\nc\u1eadn th\u1ecb n\u00ean \u0111eo ki\u1ebfng, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ch s\u00e1t m\u1eaft, v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1eeba
\nkh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o
\nnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch sao cho \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p (c\u1ea7n x\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng
\nng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u1ea7n nhau) .
\n2. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t thanh (thanh \u0111\u1edbi – vocal folds), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n khi rung, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0 g\u00f2 b\u00f3.
\n– T\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i:
\no Kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ea7u, ngo\u1eb9o c\u1ed5, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9
\nph\u1eadn ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (thanh \u0111\u1edbi) v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u00e2m (c\u1ed5) .
\no C\u1eb1m v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 th\u1eb3ng g\u00f3c 90 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eeda c\u1ed5 q\u00faa cao.
\no Khi h\u00e1t tr\u1ea7m th\u00ec h\u01a1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c l\u00ean.
\no Khi l\u00ean cao th\u00ec h\u01a1i c\u00fai m\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng.
\n– Y ph\u1ee5c: Tr\u00e1nh m\u1eb7c \u00e1o b\u00f3 s\u00e1t c\u1ed5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111eo \u02batie\u02ba ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1.
\n– S\u00e1ch h\u00e1t: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m s\u00e1ch th\u1ea5p q\u00faa, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00fai s\u00e2u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u1ed5 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1eadp l\u1ea1i.
\n3. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u0103ng \u00e2m, d\u1ed9i \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng (mi\u1ec7ng): gi\u1eef tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i (relax), tr\u00e1nh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.
\nB. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1c quan khi Ca h\u00e1t:
\n1. Tai: h\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, tai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t. C\u00e1i hay c\u1ee7a Ca \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdng ca, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ecdng ca. L\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u1ea5u cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e8 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ee3p x\u01b0\u1edbng.
\n2. M\u1eaft: ngo\u00e0i tai ra, m\u1eaft gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u1edd n\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng Ca \u0111o\u00e0n m\u00e0 ca vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng khi h\u00e1t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 h\u00e1t hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eaft c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ca; th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ca \u0111o\u00e0n khi l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i, khi h\u00e1t, vv\u2026 h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta h\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, khi h\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn bao qu\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac d\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e0n, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u h\u00e1t, lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn Ca tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd nh\u1ecbp ph\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a Ca \u0111o\u00e0n\u2026
\n3. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3: Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t, n\u00ean ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc (water) \u0111\u1ec3 \u02bacool down\u02ba d\u00e2y thanh \u0111\u1edbi v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.
\nC. Rung Ti\u1ebfng (vibrato)
\nRung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u00f9ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch rung:
\n– C\u00e1ch rung t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean: nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng
\n– C\u00e1ch rung c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh: \u00e2m thanh nghe n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cao \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.
\nKhi h\u00e1t solo, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 rung sao t\u00f9y \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e1t h\u1ee3p ca th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c rung (vibrato) , ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean rung (pure sound), hay ch\u1ec9 rung nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tr\u1eeb khi Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c Opera. \u0110\u1ec3 cho b\u1edbt rung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0m c\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e3m gi\u00e2y thanh \u0111\u1edbi.
\nKhi h\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 cao \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng rung nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3 b\u00e8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay th\u00eam. C\u00f3 2 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh:
\n\u2022 Rung m\u1ea1nh q\u00faa c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sai \u02bat\u00f4ng\u02ba, m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u00e2m.
\n\u2022 Khi rung q\u00faa, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e9p \u00e2m ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n Ca \u0111o\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e1t \u02bal\u00f2i\u02ba ti\u1ebfng.
\nM\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau (opera, pop, country, broadway.. ), nh\u1ea1c trong nh\u00e0 th\u1edd h\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e2m gi\u1ecdng cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Ca \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao.<\/p>\n

D. T\u1ea1i sao Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111u\u1ee3c hay?
\nCa \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng hay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e0ng t\u1eadp nh\u1ec1u th\u00ec c\u00e0ng h\u00e1t nhuy\u1ec5n: \u02baPractice make perfect\u02ba!. C\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t quen, c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n th\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e2u gi\u1edd. L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u1eafm cho h\u00e1t \u0111\u00fang n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, l\u1ea7n sau nh\u1eafm h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi, l\u1ea7n
\nsau n\u1eefa h\u00e1t cho \u0111\u00fang t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh\u2026
\nE. Khi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 n\u00ean h\u00e1t trong Ca \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ?
\nKh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e1t v\u00ec:
\n\u2022 C\u00f3 h\u1ea1i th\u00eam cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe .
\n\u2022 V\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn Ca \u0111o\u00e0n.
\n\u2022 C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.
\nCh\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!
\nprepared by: Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ebft H\u00f9ng
\nB\u00e0i Ki\u1ec3m Tra
\nPh\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c Nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 Kh\u00e9p \u00e2m
\nL\u1eddi Ca Nguy\u00ean \u00c2m Kh\u00e9p \u00c2m
\nTr\u00ean th\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: \u00ea : \u00e2m ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb
\n\u0111\u1ed3i th\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: \u1ed3: \u00e2m ch\u00ednh; i : b\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i, b\u1eb9t mi\u1ec7ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb
\ncao th\u00ed d\u1ee5 3: a : \u00e2m ch\u00ednh; o : b\u00e1n \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i, tr\u00f2n m\u00f4i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb
\nvang th\u00ed d\u1ee5 4: a : \u00e2m ch\u00ednh nhanh (m\u00f3c \u0111\u00f4i)
\nthi\u1ebft tha ti\u1ebfng v\u1ecdng l\u1eddi t\u00ecnh y\u00eau Gi\u00ea Su g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 treo th\u00e2n th\u1eadp gi\u00e1 giang c\u00e1nh tay \u00f4m t\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n

\n <\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thanh Nh\u1ea1c Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ebft H\u00f9ng \u02baPractice make perfect, so practice right\u02ba Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh (gi\u00e1o \u00e1n): 1. Session 1: L\u1ea5y h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ca h\u00e1t (ph\u1ea7n I). 2. Session 2: L\u1eddi ca: nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean \u00e2m (ph\u1ea7n II). 3. Session 3: L\u1eddi ca: nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00e2m cu\u1ed1i (ph\u1ea7n III – IV). 4. Session 4: Kh\u00e9p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[32],"builder_content":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1514"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1516,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions\/1516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}