H\u00c1T TH\u00c1NH V\u1ecaNH
\n\u00d0\u1ee9c Cha Phaol\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ho\u00e0
\nGi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Nha Trang
\n\u00d0\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Nh\u1ea1c Th\u00e1nh Ca H\u00d0GM Vi\u1ec7t Nam
\nTh\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng Hy l\u1ea1p psalmos l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp 150 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong C\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00faa th\u1ea7n h\u1ee9ng cho vua \u00d0a-v\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Do th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ra.
\n1. C\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e1nh ca, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh kinh kh\u00e1c. Sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c cho thu tuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 lan tr\u00e0n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u00e1t l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ti\u00ean b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa Ki-t\u00f4 (Mt 26,27 ; Lc 23,24).
\n2. C\u00e1ch h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh : ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi s\u01a1 khai Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 3 c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh : th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca, th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i ca, th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n.
\n3. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca
\na. G\u1ecdi th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh do m\u1ed9t ca vi\u00ean h\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u v\u1eafn nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p ca. C\u00f3 khi c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p l\u00e0m n\u00ean v\u1ebf hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 Tv 135 : “Mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi Ch\u00faa v\u1eabn tr\u1ecdn t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng”. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ng\u1eafn. C\u00e2u h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ca vi\u00ean (kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ca s\u0129) c\u0169ng theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n : v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 h\u00e1t v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m : m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i nghe v\u00e0 suy ni\u1ec7m, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i tham d\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec7p ca.
\nb. Nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ca vi\u00ean l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ca s\u0129, h\u1ecd \u01b0a tr\u1ed5 t\u00e0i ng\u00e2n nga th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed1t hoa m\u1ef9, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u1edd h\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ecd b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh (xem c\u00e1c Graduale trong Paroissien romain). T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ban h\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 r\u00f4-ma (1969) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc (1970). T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1p ca l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh.
\nc. \u00d0\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa : X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00ec th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh do ca vi\u00ean h\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 th\u00ec t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi Ch\u00faa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eeba nghe trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. Thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.
\nC\u00e1c b\u00e0i ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5, ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ca hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 (r\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf v\u00e0o, r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5, r\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e1o d\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa). Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh, b\u00e0i h\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u1ea3, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e0i h\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u00ean t\u1eadp cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p ca tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i ca.
\nd. Di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn khi h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca. Theo l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec khi h\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1p ca, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ca vi\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t hay hai c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng chi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t. C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1eaft v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay h\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VIII, s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 nghi r\u00f4-ma \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t :
\n\u00b7 ca vi\u00ean h\u00e1t c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p r\u1ed3i ca \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p,
\n\u00b7 ca vi\u00ean h\u00e1t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 1, ca \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p v.v… (xem Righetti, Storia liturgia III Ancora 1\/56, trang 249). Pius Parsch trong cu\u1ed1n Sainte Messe expliqu\u00e9e dans son histoire et sa liturgie – Bruges 1950 trang 106 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean theo c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.
\nHa-l\u00ea-lui-a tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00fac \u00e2m: v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac l\u00e0 Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a, nay b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ca vi\u00ean hay ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a. Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a. B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1edbi (1970) khi in c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p ngay l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e1t c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.
\nS\u00e1ch C\u00e1c gi\u1edd kinh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 do UBPTH\u00d0GMVN xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1990 trang 1293 \u0111\u00e3 in :
\nX\u00d0 : Trong tay Ng\u00e0i, l\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, con xin ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c h\u1ed3n con
\nngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac “Trong tay Ng\u00e0i” r\u1ed3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i “Trong tay Ng\u00e0i’, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1edbi c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh.
\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tuy s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 in c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng do c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y n\u00ean h\u00e1t theo m\u1eabu sau \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong l\u1ec5 phong th\u00e1nh c\u00e1c T\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1o Vi\u1ec7t nam n\u0103m 1988 :
\n\u00b7 Ca vi\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac (t\u1ee9c c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p),
\n\u00b7 C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac,
\n\u00b7 Ca vi\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (c\u00f3 khi do hai c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i),
\n\u00b7 C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac.
\nL\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i d\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 sau b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc 1, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca (psalmus responsorius) thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1p ca v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i in c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch la-tinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 in \u0111a ng\u1eef Va-ti-can.
\na. Ch\u1ecdn th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca
\n“Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y \u1edf s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc ; b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p ca v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh chung cho t\u1eebng m\u00f9a trong n\u0103m, ho\u1eb7c chung cho t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u0111i theo c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc li\u00ean h\u1ec7” (QCTQ s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 r\u00f4-ma, 1969)
\nC\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u00e1ch Lectionarium I (1970) trang 861 c\u00f3 in s\u1eb5n 10 c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p ca v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau :
\n– C\u00e2u \u0111\u00e1p :
\n* M\u00f9a V\u1ecdng : Xin Ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang con
\n* M\u00f9a G.S : L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang con \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y vinh quang Ch\u00faa.
\n* M\u00f9a Chay : L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, xin nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u00e2n t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00edn ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa
\n* M\u00f9a P.S : Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a (2 hay 3 l\u1ea7n)
\n* Quanh n\u0103m :
\n\u00b7 Khi h\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ca t\u1ee5ng :”H\u00e3y t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ch\u00faa v\u00ec Ch\u00faa nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb” ho\u1eb7c “L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, ch\u00fang con t\u1ea1 \u01a1n Ng\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i xi\u1ebft bao k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u” ho\u1eb7c “H\u00e1t l\u00ean m\u1eebng Ch\u00faa m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ca m\u1edbi”.
\n\u00b7 Khi h\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7u xin :”Ch\u00faa g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai k\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ch\u00faa” ho\u1eb7c “L\u1ea1y Ch\u00faa, xin nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 con” ho\u1eb7c “Ch\u00faa l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu”.
\n– Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh : m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u. (xem chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh chung, HLMC 3 trang 21)
\n5. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i ca
\na. Trong khi \u1edf th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1p ca ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ca vi\u00ean h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ca \u0111o\u00e0n, ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n chia hai nh\u00f3m, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i nhau c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ca (antiphona). C\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tham gia \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e2n nga r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p ca (x. 4.b) v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e2n nga.
\nb. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i ca l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch c\u1ea7m tay nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c, tu s\u0129. C\u00e1i kh\u00f3 b\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4n. Mu\u1ed1n cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1eabn tham gia h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang h\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ca v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 sau : ca \u0111o\u00e0n x\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac r\u1ed3i c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac. Ca \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 1 (ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh), c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac.
\nc. Trong th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 3 l\u00fac h\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i ca : ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5, ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5, d\u00e2ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5 (t\u1ee9c l\u00fac l\u00ean l\u00e3nh nh\u1eadn M\u00ecnh Th\u00e1nh Ch\u00faa). Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i ca, sinh sau \u0111\u1ebb mu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ebft xe \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1p ca, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u hoa m\u1ef9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u, v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh b\u1ecb r\u00fat v\u1eafn d\u1ea7n t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e2u Vinh danh Ch\u00faa Cha, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng (s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 r\u00f4-ma 1969 hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n in c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac m\u00e0 th\u00f4i)
\nd. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng tu, trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edd kinh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i ca v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec qua d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1ea1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n : m\u1ed7i v\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1t, hai n\u1ed1t \u00edt khi ba n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c. Nh\u1ea1c c\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac c\u0169ng \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e0u t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.
\ne. Ph\u1ea7n QCTQSLRM (1969) s\u1ed1 50 c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft : “Khi d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt l\u00ean th\u00ec h\u00e1t ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5”. Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u00e1ch, \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y in \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 ca hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady ? L\u00fd do v\u00ec ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00f2n ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t th\u00ec b\u1ecf lu\u00f4n. M\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 R\u00f4-ma kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 in b\u00e0i h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng in \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 v\u00e0o. ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5 n\u1eefa. Mu\u1ed1n h\u00e1t th\u00ec l\u1ea5y trong cantus missae, Edit. vat. 1988. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1ea1c.
\nf. S\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 R\u00f4-ma, khi in c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5, ca hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5 c\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong b\u1ed9 Kinh th\u00e1nh.
\n– N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. Sau m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0i c\u00e2u th\u00ec l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac.
\n– N\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac kh\u00f4ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u00f9y \u00fd ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5.
\nCh\u00fa \u00fd :
\n1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vat. II trong ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc cung b\u1eb1ng (recto tono) ho\u1eb7c theo cung th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.
\n2. m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u00e1ch h\u00e1t do nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Vat. II \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh :
\n– Antiphonale romanum (1983) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5, d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5, hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5…
\n– Graduale simplex (1988) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1p ca cung \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.
\n– Ordo cantus missae (1988) g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang (proprium) c\u00e1c M\u00f9a, Ph\u1ea7n chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh, l\u1ec5 theo nghi th\u1ee9c, l\u1ec5 t\u00f9y ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, l\u1ec5 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n.
\n6. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n (psalmus in directum, tractus)
\n\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u00e1t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c (recto tono), t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u th\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng ba th\u1ee9. So v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh theo d\u1ea5u gi\u1ecdng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1p ca v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ca, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Do th\u00e1i. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh do ca vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n h\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac (\u0111\u1ed1i ca hay \u0111\u00e1p ca) g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n im l\u1eb7ng nghe, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t gi\u00fap suy ni\u1ec7m (t\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh 145 trong Kinh chi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u h\u1ed3n, Paroissien romain trang 1776).
\nNg\u00e0y x\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc Tin M\u1eebng trong M\u00f9a Chay. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb 1969 \u0111\u1ebfn nay, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia, n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5 n\u1eefa.
\n7. V\u00e0i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh
\na. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ca nh\u1eadp l\u1ec5, ca d\u00e2ng l\u1ec5, ca hi\u1ec7p l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed1i ca v.v… Mu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c cho th\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh.
\nb. \u00d0i\u1ec1u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi\u1ec7n, d\u00f2ng tu hay trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u0129nh t\u00e2m linh m\u1ee5c v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m do ca vi\u00ean (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1p ca) hay ca \u0111o\u00e0n (tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i ca).
\nc. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 s\u00e1ch b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e1t n\u00e0y.
\nd. Nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u1ea7n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, tr\u00e1nh nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, r\u01b0\u1eddm r\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e1nh ca.
\n8. M\u1ea5y g\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh.
\na) \u00d0i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac
\n1\/ N\u1ed9i dung : n\u00eau l\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ng\u1eafn \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u trong th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn c\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c b\u1edbt x\u00e9n cho c\u00e2u v\u0103n g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 khi \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u Ph\u00fac \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tung h\u00f4 Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a ; ch\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m n\u00eau \u00fd ch\u00ednh th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00ean b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed vui m\u1eebng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u00f9a Ph\u1ee5c sinh. Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u01a1i ng\u00e2m Ha-l\u00ea-lui-a d\u00e0i 15 ph\u00fat.
\n2\/ H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c :
\n– V\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, sao cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb.
\n– N\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u1ea1c trong \u00e2m v\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u01a1n k\u00e9m m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea7m c\u1ee1 ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. V\u00ec \u00e2m v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, n\u00ean khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c n\u00ean ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u00e1c qu\u00e3ng nh\u1ea1c, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1n b\u1eadc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng ng\u1eafn, th\u1ec9nh ho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng l\u1edbn. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1n b\u1eadc gi\u00fap h\u00f2a \u00e2m phong ph\u00fa.
\n– M\u1ed7i ch\u1eef ng\u00e2m m\u1ed9t n\u1ed1t, hai n\u1ed1t, t\u1ed1i \u0111a v\u00e0 \u00edt khi ba n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c.
\n– Nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u m\u00f3c h\u00e1t ch\u1eadm.
\n– Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean cho h\u00e1t m\u1ed9t b\u00e8. Bao gi\u1edd tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00e1 v\u1eefng m\u1edbi n\u00ean cho h\u00e1t th\u00eam b\u00e8. N\u1ebfu b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u00e8, c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ebd cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ca \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng h\u00e1t n\u1eefa.
\n– Nh\u1ea1c \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7p kh\u00fac.
\nb) Nh\u1ea1c cho c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh
\nC\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 n\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ca nh\u1ea1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ca gh\u00ea-go-ri-\u00f4. C\u1ea3 hai ngu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.
\nCho \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Sau \u0111\u00e2y xin n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p :
\n1. D\u1ecbch l\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo m\u1ed9t cung nh\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cung th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh la-tinh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i Ng\u1ee3i khen Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0i Chi\u00ean.
\n2. D\u1ecbch l\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t theo m\u1ed9t cung nh\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng cung h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a G\u00e9lineau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 b\u00e0i Vui ca l\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng Kim.
\n3. D\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3).
\n4. D\u1ec7t nh\u1ea1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u sau h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3).
\n5. H\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh theo ba n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e2u v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u. Theo ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ecdng (ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a lm. Ti\u1ebfn D\u0169ng) v\u00ed d\u1ee5 Tv 104 trong cu\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh ca Ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 Tu\u1ea7n Th\u00e1nh.
\n6. H\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u00e2u th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh theo ba n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch (nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3).
\nH\u1eb3n r\u1eb1ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, xin c\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c s\u0129 kh\u00e1c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho. Hoan ngh\u00eanh c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y b\u1ed5 t\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, hy v\u1ecdng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c (r\u00e9pertoire) nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u00e1t ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.
\n(Tr\u00edch trong H\u00e1t L\u00ean M\u1eebng Ch\u00faa)<\/p>\n\n
H\u00c1T TH\u00c1NH V\u1ecaNH \u00d0\u1ee9c Cha Phaol\u00f4 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n Ho\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Nha Trang \u00d0\u1eb7c tr\u00e1ch Th\u00e1nh Nh\u1ea1c Th\u00e1nh Ca H\u00d0GM Vi\u1ec7t Nam Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ti\u1ebfng Hy l\u1ea1p psalmos l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp 150 th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i th\u01a1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o trong C\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc. Th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[32],"builder_content":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1510"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1512,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1510\/revisions\/1512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1510"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1510"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.mautam.org\/weeklysongs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1510"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}